Biblioteca Conrado F. Asenjo LibGuides: Guía de recursos en Medicina Dental: Estudios de casos (SAGE RM)

A Guide to Conducting Randomized Clinical Trials in Implantology: Lessons From a Clinical Trial Investigating the Implant Performance in Overdenture Wearers Submitted to Conventional and ...
Por Fernanda Faot & Mateus Bertolini Fernandes dos Santos "This methods case describes the design of an RCT comparing conventional and immediate occlusal loading protocols using MO retained by NDI in populations of completely edentulous patients. This project began in 2014 in Pelotas-RS and was funded by the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development; grant no.476170/2013-3). This study was designed to investigate the clinical behavior of the peri-implant tissues, the survival and success rates of NDI, the improvements in the masticatory function and quality of life, and the presence of complications during treatment with MO retained by two NDI with locking taper stud abutments submitted to two different loading types in a sample population with clinically atrophic mandibles and a prolonged time since edentulism. ..."
ISBN: 9781529743555
Fecha de publicación: June 17, 2020

Exploring Cross-Sectional Associations of Two Disorders: Beware of Confounding Variables
Por Hedwig A. van der Meer "n this case study, I discuss a cross-sectional study design where we looked at the association of two disorders. To get a full understanding of the association, we identified possible confounding variables from the literature. In this case study, I walk through the thought process of setting up this study, identifying the possible confounders (i.e., factors that distort the association between dependent and independent variables) from literature, how we corrected for them in a clinical population, and how we determined if they were in fact confounders. Afterwards, I discuss some issues we faced with publishing the results and lessons that were learned from this project."
ISBN: 9781529743005
Fecha de publicación: June 15, 2020

The Challenge of Implementing a Grounded Theory Approach in a Qualitative Study of General Practitioners and Pharmacists in the Prevention of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Por Andrew Sturrock & Catherine Hayes "This case study provides an insight into the challenges of using a grounded theory approach to explore the attitudes and perceptions of general medical practitioners and pharmacists toward a condition called bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The focus of this research project was to examine why recommended preventive advice was not being provided by these two professional groups. Since qualitative methods could generate theory, we selected this as an appropriate means of capturing this information. Here, we reflect on the mechanisms of data collection and analysis we performed using a simultaneous process called Constant Comparative Analysis; this is a process by which data collection and analysis is an iterative and synergistic process. We also discuss the “Framework” model of data analysis, which was utilized to refine the most salient, rather than the most commonly occurring themes that emerged from the data. Our research was published in the British Medical Journal Open in 2017."
ISBN: 9781529709667
Fecha de publicación: January 15, 2020

Conducting an Oral Health-Related Epidemiological Survey With Preschool Children
Por Sherry Shiqian Gao & Chun Hung Chu "Although people’s knowledge and awareness of oral health have generally improved over the decades, dental caries remains one of the most prevalent and significant health problems in preschool children worldwide. Untreated dental caries can cause pain and infection. Compromised primary dentition can influence the child’s nutrition absorption, growth, and general health. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in the human populations. A population-based epidemiological survey is crucial for quantifying the burden of a disease, contributing toward the development of evidence-based health care programs, and evaluating the effectiveness of those programs for reducing the disease burden. Our team has done an epidemiological survey in preschool children regarding their oral health status. We recruited 5-year-old children by a multistage sampling method. Outreach-based setting in kindergartens was performed for conducting clinical examination. Decayed, missing (due to caries), and filled tooth index and caries prevalence were used for reporting the results. In addition, we used a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model to analyze the risk factors. As this is a community-based study, it is crucial to achieve a good collaboration with the community stakeholders. In this case study, our aim was to provide a practical guideline for conducting a population-based epidemiological survey of dental caries in preschool children. We discussed research procedures, including the study design, sampling strategy, data collection, and data management. Through this case study, we also provided insightful suggestions for managing the barriers, difficulties, sensitive issues, and other vital components that are commonly encountered by the researchers in a population-based epidemiological survey."
ISBN: 9781529714234
Fecha de publicación: January 15, 2020

Multiple Regression as a Method for Exploring Professional Judgment in Orthodontics
Por David W. Chambers "Rapid advances in digital imaging and computer-supported decision making are finding their way into orthodontists’ offices. This is requiring reconsideration of the traditional role of professional clinical judgment. The emerging digital algorithms are complex, but precisely operationalized. Clinical judgment is also complex, but remains vaguely defined. This case explores the use of a common statistical technique, multiple regression analysis, for identifying what orthodontists are focusing on when making global assessments of the severity of a presenting patient’s malocclusion. Two types of data were collected from 120 patients. Severity of malocclusion was expressed as the average judgment of 69 teachers of orthodontics. Potential predictor data consisted of the operational measures of physical dimensions of the same cases performed by three orthodontic residents. The physical measures included 11 components of the Peer Assessment Rating system and 12 components of the Diagnostic Index. These are widely accepted evaluation systems developed by panels of experts to identify the critical characteristics of malocclusions. Component scores in the indices were used to predict professional judgment. Multiple regression analysis determined differential weights for the physical measures. Importance was given by experts to a small number of components, whereas other components are not considered at all. The profile of important dimension of malocclusion is known to vary with the role of professionals (generalists versus specialists, for example) and with the ethnicity of the patient pool. It is apparent that “objectivity” and completeness are not sufficient criteria for characterizing clinical judgment."
ISBN: 9781529716337
Fecha de publicación: January 15, 2020

Using a Questionnaire to Determine Children’s Attitudes to, Knowledge of, and Use of Sports Drinks
Por Ruth M. Fairchild & Maria Z. Morgan "This case study is designed to aid those new to research involving children, using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. It is based on more than 50 years of supervisory experience of two researchers with an interest in public and oral health. While the case study focuses on sports drink consumption of secondary school children, it can be used by anyone interested in studying other food/drink habits, attitudes and/or motivations to, or knowledge of foods. The case study takes a pragmatic and realistic approach to research, allowing the reader to avoid many of the common pitfalls associated with poor planning and communication during the research process. The initial development of a research topic is outlined, concentrating on the ethical issues associated with using children in research and the need for careful planning and time management. Some useful tools are included in the case study to aid the researcher, including a flowchart of the whole process to set the context and the use of a Gantt chart to aid time management. The development of the questionnaire focuses on the establishment of strong and measurable aims and objectives and stresses the importance of isolating the key issues and items involved in the study and the need to pilot the questionnaire prior to data collection. Types of study design and schools as a setting for research are reviewed together with helpful tips on how to ensure your project runs smoothly and achieves robust and valid results. The case study concludes with suggestions on how to disseminate high-quality research findings to inform public health policy and improve public understanding of a topic."
ISBN: 9781529718638
Fecha de publicación: January 15, 2020

Designing and Implementing a Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Community Pharmacy–Based Oral Health Intervention
Por Andrew Sturrock & Catherine Hayes "This case study provides insight into the challenges of designing, implementing, and evaluating an oral health intervention in the context of community pharmacies. The process of intervention is the source of focus but we also decided to incorporate a contextual backdrop to our study, so that if readers choose to use the same or a similar approach, they are aware of potential differences in approach that context specificity might dictate. The aim of the project was to explore the potential for community pharmacies to engage patients from deprived areas in their oral health. This was defined as a “brief intervention” and it was designed and administered to more than 1,000 patients over a 3-month period. The scale of the study did not facilitate long-term follow-up of patients, which would have been useful to assess the impact on individual and collective oral health outcomes, but a mixed-methods approach was utilized to evaluate both patients and service provider experiences. These qualitative perceptions were important in establishing the potential to roll out the intervention further and to co-construct knowledge of the intervention with the people administering and undertaking it. In the study, a patient evaluation questionnaire was used to assess patients’ perceived knowledge of oral health practices, intentions to change current practices, and the acceptability of this service in a pharmacy setting. A qualitative exploration was undertaken with service providers and the data collected were thematically analyzed to identify issues or relevance and significance from service providers."
ISBN: 9781529717594

Perceived Barriers to Oral Health Care Access: A Cross-Sectional Case Study Research Method
Por Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari, Edlira Zere, R. M. Pandey, Kunaal Dhingra, Nandita Kshetrimayum, Irungbam Famous Singh & Ramandeep Kaur Sokhi "The traditional concept of access to oral health care refers to the ability of a patient to obtain or make use of oral health care. This cross-sectional study assesses the perceived barriers that prevent people from seeking appropriate and timely oral health care. Two hundred participants attending the dental clinics of Dental College were selected by applying a systematic random sampling method. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the distribution of a structured, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire asking information on demographic data, dental visit behavior, and perceived barriers to oral health care access to be listed in order of the most important factors that constitute barriers to access regular oral health care services. Descriptive statistics were performed on the socio-demographic variables and barriers to oral health care access. Based on the results, the misconception regarding dental treatment (59%) was the most important barrier, followed by time constraints (14.5%) and dissatisfaction with the quality of services (14.5%) as second most important, to continue with accessibility to the nearest dental clinic (7%) being third most important, and dental fear (5%) was the least important variable. Our findings demonstrate that misconception regarding dental treatment is the most important barrier, and dental fear is the least important variable that prevents people from seeking dental treatment."
Fecha de publicación: June 15, 2020

Experiential Learning of Parallel, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials Through Implementation of Adjunctive Phytopharmaceutical Drug Trial
Por Rameshwari Singhal "This case discusses a parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that I, as part of a research team, conducted to explore the adjunctive effect of phytopharmaceutical Acacia arabica gel in treatment of chronic periodontitis. The study leads to an experiential learning journey of practical details involved in the conception, execution, implementation, and completion of this parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. This case discusses team work, planning, and required approvals as well as the importance of study randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding. Study bias, how it can creep in at any stage and methods to minimize study distortion, are also discussed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of research topic selection, its relevance to the population context, and benefits to society on implementation. This case study provides an overview and discussion of relevant points to ponder while planning or conducting a randomized controlled clinical trial."
ISBN: 9781529725841
Fecha de publicación: January 15, 2020

Survey Design for Quantitative Analysis: A Large-Scale Investigation Into Stress and Burnout Within the UK Dental Profession
Por Mark Toon "Survey research can generate exciting data sets that allow researchers to examine the relationship between concepts and also determine causality. This study describes a survey methodology that does just that. Stress and burnout in UK dentistry is examined and causality between subdimensions of stress and burnout is identified as part of the study findings. The journey from conceptual framework to these outcomes is largely a story of how to administer a survey. Although it sounds superficially straight forward, this case study describes in detail how the design of the survey itself is central to the generation of a valid sample and how it can contribute to elevated response rates that in turn improve the prospects of achieving a representative sample of respondents. The study was interdisciplinary which provided its own challenges in terms of differing methodological conventions and measurement scale formats. These challenges play out across the survey and the author describes how to rectify and mitigate negative outcomes through the survey instrument. In particular, this case study explores the impact of errors and deficiencies in the survey instrument on the accuracy of more advanced methods of analysis such as structural equation modeling."
Número de clasificación: June 15, 2020
ISBN: 9781529744224